The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2012. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke

Preliminary results

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-06-04

Keywords:

Hala Sultan Tekke

Abstract

The third season of excavation at Hala Sultan Tekke added knowledge to the project, the main objective of which is the investigation and determination of the complete occupational sequence of the pre-12th century BC levels. New walled and open spaces from Strata 1 and 2 were exposed in Area 6. Another pictorial krater with birds was excavated. The terminology for the much discussed Cypriote-produced White Painted Wheel-made ware has been revised and a new terminology is suggested, i.e. “White Painted Wheel-made Geometric Style (WPGS)” and “White Painted Wheel-made Pictorial Style (WPPS)”, of which the latter includes the Creature Krater from 2010 and the Bird Krater from this season. The hypothesis that a tsunami destroyed parts of the city in the 14th or 13th century BC is discussed. An additional radar survey of some 1.3 hectares revealed substantial structures, i.e. new city quarters, west of Area 6.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aspinall, A., C. Gaffney & A. Schmidt 2008. Magnetometry for archaeologists, Lanham.

Åström, P. 1972a. The Swedish Cyprus Expedition Vol. IV: 1B. The Middle Cypriote Bronze Age, Lund.

Åström, P. 1972b. The Swedish Cyprus Expedition Vol. IV: 1C. The Late Cypriote Bronze Age, Lund.

Åström, P. 1972c. The Swedish Cyprus Expedition Vol. IV: 1D, Lund.

Åström, P. 1988. ‘The Hippocampus Krater’, RDAC, Part 1, 173–175.

Åström, P. & B. Svensson 2007. ‘Stone anchors’, in Hala Sultan Tekke 12. Tomb 24, stone anchors, faunal remains and pottery provenance (SIMA, 45:12), eds. P. Åström & K. Nys, Göteborg, 31–49.

Begg, P. 1991. Late Cypriote terracotta figurines: A study in context (SIMA-PB, 101), Jonsered.

Ben-Shlomo, D. 2010. Philistine iconography. A wealth of style and symbolism (Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis, 241), Fribourg & Göttingen.

Ben-Shlomo, D. & M.D. Press 2009. ‘A reexamination of Aegean-style figurines in light of new evidence from Ashdod, Ashkelon, and Ekron’, BASOR 353, 39–74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/BASOR27805146

Bergoffen, C. 2001. ‘The Proto White Slip and White Slip I pottery from Tell el-Ajjul’, in The White Slip ware of Late Bronze Age Cyprus. Proceedings of an International Conference organized by the Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation, Nicosia in honour of Malcolm Wiener, Nicosia 29th–30th October 1998 (Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean, 2), ed. V. Karageorghis, Wien, 145–156.

Childe, G. 2004. Foundations of social archaeology: Selected writings of V. Gordon Childe, eds. T.C. Patterson & C.E. Orser, Oxford.

Conyers, L.B. 2004. Ground-penetrating radar for archaeology (Geophysical methods for archaeology, 1), Walnut Creek. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9781538179369-1

Dikaios, P. 1969. Enkomi. Excavations 1948–1958, Vol. 3, Mainz.

Dikaios, P. 1971. Enkomi: Excavations 1948–1958, Vol. 2, Mainz.

Fischer, P.M. 1980. ‘Geophysical prospecting at Hala Sultan Tekke, Cyprus’, JFA 7, 479−484.

Fischer, P.M. 2003. ‘The preliminary chronology of Tell el-Ajjul: Results of the renewed excavations in 1999 and 2000’, in The synchronisation of civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the second millennium B.C. II. Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000–EuroConference, Haindorf, 2nd of May–7th of May 2001 (Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean, 4), ed. M. Bietak, Wien, 263–294.

Fischer, P.M. 2004. ‘Coast contra inland: Tell el-Ajjul and Tell Abu al-Kharaz during the Late Middle and Late Bronze Ages’, Egypt and the Levant 14, 249−264. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1553/AEundL14s

Fischer, P.M. 2011. ‘The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2010: Excavations at Dromolaxia Vizatzia/Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results’, OpAthRom 4, 69−98. https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-04-04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-04-04

Fischer, P.M. 2012a. ‘The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2011: Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results’, OpAthRom 5, 89–112. https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-05-04 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-05-04

Fischer, P.M. 2012b. ‘SIMA and the New Swedish Cyprus Expedition at Hala Sultan Tekke’, in Studies in Mediterranean archaeology: Fifty years on (SIMA, 137), eds. J.M. Webb & D. Frankel, Göteborg, 73−80.

Fowler, M.D. 1985. ‘Excavated figurines: A case for identifying a site as sacred?’, Zeitschrift für Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 97, 333–344. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zatw.1985.97.3.333

French, E. 1981. ‘Mycenaean figures and figurines, their typology and function’, in Sanctuaries and cults in the Aegean Bronze Age. Proceedings of the First International Symposium at the Swedish Institute in Athens, 12–13 May, 1980 (ActaAth-4º, 40), eds. R. Hägg & N. Marinatos, Stockholm, 173–178.

French, E. 1985. ‘Chapter VI. The figures and figurines’, in The Archaeology of cult: The sanctuary at Phylakopi (BSA Suppl., 18.), ed. C. Renfrew, London, 209–280.

Frost, H. 1963. Under the Mediterranean: Marine antiquities, London.

Frost, H. 1969. ‘The stone-anchors of Ugarit’, in Ugaritica 6. Publié à l’occasion de la XXXe campagne de fouilles à Ras Shamra (1968) sous la direction de Claude F. A. Schaeffer (= Mission de Ras Shamra 17), ed. C.F.A. Schaeffer, Paris, 235–245.

Frost, H. 1970. ‘Some Cypriot stone-anchors from land sites and from the sea’, RDAC, 14–24.

Green, J.N. 1973. ‘An underwater survey of Cape Andreas, Cyprus 1969–1970’, in Marine archaeology: Proceedings of the Twenty-third Symposium of the Colston Research Society held in the University of Bristol, April 4th to 8th, 1971 (Colston Papers, 23), ed. D. Blackman, London, 141–178.

Hadjisavvas, S. 1992. Olive oil processing in Cyprus. From the Bronze Age to the Byzantine period (SIMA, 99), Göteborg.

Hägg, R. 1990. ‘The role of libations in Mycenaean ceremony and cult’, in Celebrations of death and divinity in the Bronze Age Argolid. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 11–13 June, 1988 (ActaAth-4º, 40), eds. R. Hägg & G.C. Nordquist, Stockholm, 177–184.

Hult, G. 1977. ‘Stone anchors in Area 8’, in Åström, P., G. Hult & M. Strandberg Olofsson, Hala Sultan Tekke 3 (SIMA, 45:3), Göteborg, 147–149.

Johnson, J. 1980. Maroni de Chypre (SIMA, 59), Göteborg.

Karageorghis, V. 1975. ‘Kypriaka II’, RDAC, 58–68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/mks-1975-580108

Karageorghis, V. 1981. ‘Aegean and derivative wares’, in Excavations at Kition IV. The non-Cypriote pottery, ed. V. Karageorghis, Nicosia, 1–15.

Karageorghis, V. 1985. Excavations at Kition V. The pre-Phoenician levels, Nicosia.

Karageorghis, V. 1991. The coroplastic art of Ancient Cyprus I. Chalcolithic–Late Cypriote I, Nicosia.

Karageorghis, V. 1993. The coroplastic art of Ancient Cyprus II. Late Cypriote II–Cypro Geometric III, Nicosia.

Karageorghis, V. 2000. Ancient art from Cyprus. The Cesnola Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Kenyon, K.M. 1956. ‘Jericho and its setting in Near Eastern history’, Antiquity 30/119, 184–197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00026818

Kling, B. 1989. Mycenaean IIIC:1B and related pottery in Cyprus (SIMA, 87), Göteborg.

Leckebusch, J. 2003. ‘Ground-penetrating radar: A modern three-dimensional prospection method’, Archaeological Prospection 10, 213–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/arp.211

Maeir, M.A. & L.A. Hitchcock 2011. ‘Absence makes the hearth grow fonder: Searching for the origins of the hearth’, ErIsr 30, 46–64.

Marchetti, M. 2000. ‘Clay figurines of the Middle Bronze Age from northern inner Syria: Chronology, symbolic meaning and historical relations’, in Proceedings of the First International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Rome, May 18th–23rd 1998, eds. P. Matthiae, A. Enea, L. Peyronel & F. Pinnock, Roma, 839–868.

Marchetti, N. 2001. La coroplastica eblaita e siriana nel bronzo medio (Materiali e studi archeologici di Ebla, 5), Roma.

Marinatos, N. 1986. Minoan sacrificial ritual. Cult practice and symbolism (ActaAth-8º, 9), Göteborg.

McAdam, E. 1997. ‘The figurines from the 1982–5 seasons of excavations at Ain Ghazal’, Levant 29, 115–145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/lev.1997.29.1.115

McCaslin, D.E. 1978. ‘The 1977 underwater report’, in U. Öbrink, Hala Sultan Tekke 5. Excavations in Area 22: 1971–1973 and 1975–1978 (SIMA, 45:4), Göteborg, 97–172.

McCaslin, D.E. 1980. Stone anchors in antiquity: Coastal settlements and maritime trade-routes in the Eastern Mediterranean ca. 1600–1050 B.C. (SIMA, 61), Göteborg.

Mixter, J.R. 2001. ‘Man’s first long-range missile weapon, the sling was a deadly military asset in skilled hands’, Military History 18:3, 12–13.

Moorey, P.R.S., 1994. Ancient Mesopotamian materials and industries: The archaeological evidence, Oxford.

Mountjoy, P.A., 1999. Regional Mycenaean decorated pottery, Rahden.

Neubauer, W. 2001. Magnetische Prospektion in der Archäologie (Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse, 44), Wien.

Orphanides, A.G. 1983. Bronze Age anthropomorphic figurines in the Cesnola Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (SIMA-PB, 20), Göteborg.

Orphanides, A.G. 1991. ‘The interpretation of the Bronze Age terracotta anthropomorphic figurines from Cyprus’, in Cypriote terracottas. Proceedings of the First International Conference of Cypriote Studies, Brussels–Liège–Amsterdam, 29 May–1 June, 1989, eds. F. Vandenabeele & R. Laffineur, Brussels & Liège, 39–45.

Padgett, M. 1990. ‘White Slip’, in Toumba tou Skourou. A Bronze Age potters’ quarter on Morphou Bay in Cyprus, eds. E.D.T. Vermeule & F.Z. Wolsky, Boston, 371−375.

Pakkanen, P. 2009. ‘Figurines as agents in Mycenaean religious ritual. An approach from the perspective of study of religion’, in Encounters with Mycenaean figures and figurines. Papers presented at a seminar at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 27–29 April 2001 (ActaAth-8º, 20), ed. A.-L. Schallin, Stockholm, 149–159.

Perlès, C. 2001. The Early Neolithic in Greece: The first farming communities in Europe, Cambridge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612855

Picón, C.A., S. Hemingway, C.S. Lightfoot, J.R. Mertens, E.J. Milleker & R. De Puma 2007. Art of the Classical world in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Greece, Cyprus, Etruria, Rome, New Haven.

Popham, M.R. 1972. ‘White Slip ware’, in The Swedish CyprusExpedition Vol. IV: 1C. The Late Cypriote Bronze Age, ed. P. Åström, Lund, 431−471.

Rice, M. 1998. The power of the bull, London.

Schachermeyr, F. 1979. ‘The pleonastic pottery style of Cretan Middle IIIC and its Cypriote relations’, in The relations between Cyprus and Crete, ca. 2000–500 B.C. Acts of the International Archaeological Symposium, Nicosia 16th April–22nd April 1978, ed. V. Karageorghis, Nicosia, 204–214.

Todd, I.A. & D. Pilides 2001. ‘The archaeology of White Slip production’, in The White Slip ware of Late Bronze Age Cyprus. Proceedings of an International Conference organized by the Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation, Nicosia, in honour of Malcolm Wiener, Nicosia, 29th–30th October1998 (Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean, 2), ed. V. Karageorghis, Wien, 27–43.

Vermeule, E.D.T. & F.Z. Wolsky 1990. Toumba tou Skourou. A Bronze Age potters’ quarter on Morphou Bay in Cyprus, Boston.

Voigt, M.M. 2000. ‘Çatal Höyük in context. Ritual at Early Neolithic sites at Central and Eastern Turkey’, in Life in Neolithic farming communities. Social organization, identity and differentiation, ed. I. Kuijt, New York, 253–293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47166-3_11

Vujović, M. 2007. ‘Clay slingshots from the Roman fort Novae at Čezava’, in Waffen in Aktion: Akten der 16. Internationalen Roman Military Equipment Conference (ROMEC), Xanten, 13.–16. Juni 2007 (Xantener Berichte, 16), eds. A.W. Busch & H.-J. Schalles, Mainz, 249–256.

Yasur-Landau, A. 2010. The Philistines and Aegean migration at the end of the Late Bronze Age, Cambridge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511761201

Yener, K.A., ed. 2010. Tell Atchana, ancient Alalakh Vol. 1. The 2003–2004 excavation seasons, Istanbul.

Downloads

Published

2013-11-17

How to Cite

Fischer, P. M., Bürge, T., Trinks, I., Stolle, B., Heiss, K., van der Does, J., & Blattner, D. (2013). The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2012. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke: Preliminary results. Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome, 6, 45–79. https://doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-06-04

Issue

Section

Original Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >> 

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.