Short-term international mobility and its potential to develop students’ soft skills: A case-study of a Blended Intensive Programme

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64775/ciwil.2026.64010

Keywords:

Blended Intensive Programme, Employability, Soft skills, Transformative learning, Work-integrated learning

Abstract

The Erasmus+ Blended Intensive Programme is a short-term, academic internationalisation opportunity of 5-30 days, integrated as part of the participating students’ home curriculum. Erasmus+ encourages transformative, challenge-based and work-integrated learning designs, with the goal to strengthen students’ employability and their global competence. This includes developing soft skills such as intercultural understanding, empathy and critical thinking. The goal of this article is to determine what soft skills students develop during a Blended Intensive Programme and what is an effective learning design for that development. An in-depth single-case study with students from four European universities and mixed methods was performed. The qualitative data, which consists of 70 reflective reports, and the quantitative data, which consists of a survey with 32 respondents, were compared and contrasted. The results demonstrate that students developed 25 soft skills, pertaining to the categories being, thinking, relating, collaborating and acting. Five factors with implications for the effectiveness of the learning design were identified: student role, variation, cultural immersion, real-world experiences and time. The visiting students described a higher motivation to pursue an international career and a higher perceived increase in employability. They also described more experiences as transformative and identified a higher number of soft skills than the host students. The experience of cultural immersion associated with cross-border internationalisation is a plausible explanation. Recommendations for improvement are to give host students increased responsibility as “buddies” for visiting students, strengthen the contact with industry through work-integrated learning activities and prioritise student-active and collaborative activities in multicultural groups.

 

Author Biography

Hanne Stavelie, Department of Leadership and Innovation, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway

Associate Professor in International communication and leadership at Kristiania University of Applied Sciences. 

References

Asoodar, M., Mahmood Atai, M. R. & Baten, L. (2017). Successful Erasmus Experience: Analysing Perceptions before, during and after Erasmus. Journal of Research in International Education, 16(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240917704331

Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2021). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative research in psychology, 18(3), 328-352. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238

Billett, S. (2024). Constituting integration in work-integrated education and learning. Studies in Continuing Education, 47(3), 513-530. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037X.2024.2363262

Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining Twenty-First Century Skills. In Griffin, P., McGaw, B. & E., Care. (Eds.), Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills, pp. 17-66. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2324-5_2

CEWIL Canada (2021). What is work-integrated learning (WIL)? www.cewilcanada.ca/WIL. Accessed June 17, 2026

Chwialkowska, A. (2020). Maximizing Cross-Cultural Learning From Exchange Study Abroad Programmes: Transformative Learning Theory. Journal of Studies in International Education, 24(5), 535-554. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315320906163

Cinque, M. (2016). “Lost in translation.” Soft skills development in European countries. Tuning Journal for Higher Education, 3(2), 389-427. https://doi.org/10.18543/tjhe-3(2)-2016pp389-427

Cushing, D. F., Pennings, M., Willox, D., Gomez, R., Dyson, C., & Coombs, C. (2019). Measuring intangible outcomes can be problematic: The challenge of assessing learning during international short-term study experiences. Active learning in higher education, 20(3), 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787417732259

Cvitan, D., Twomey, P. & O’Sullivan, O. (2024). Globally competent graduate: What exactly do you mean? In: K. E. Zegwaard and J. Fleming (eds) Refereed Proceedings of the 5th WACE International Research Symposium on Cooperative and Work-Integrated Education, University West, Sweden, pp. 41-46. WACE-IRS-Proceedings-2024.pdf Accessed June 17, 2026

Engel, C. (2010). The impact of Erasmus mobility on the professional career: Empirical results of international studies on temporary student and teaching staff mobility. Belgeo. Revuew Belge de Géographie, 4, 351-363. https://doi.org/10.4000/belgeo.6399

Erdei, L. A. & Káplár-Kodácsy, K. (2020). International student mobility at a glance – promising potential and limiting barriers of non-traditional mobility. Desk research report. ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Department of Erasmus+ and International Programmes. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.34727.78242/2

European Commission (2014). Erasmus+ impact study: Key findings. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/memo_14_534

European Commission (2018). Erasmus+ higher education impact study: final report. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/162060

European Commission (2021) Erasmus participant survey form. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://erasmusplus.org.pl/brepo/panel_repo_files/2022/11/07/sgmb6i/ep-ka1-he-studies-2021-21-03-2022-en-draft-1.pdf. Accessed June 17, 2026

European Commission (2025). Erasmus + Programme guide 2025. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/erasmus-programme-guide Accessed June 17, 2026

European Commission/DG EAC (2022). Blended mobility implementation guide for Erasmus+ higher education mobility KA131. Publications Office of the European Union, 2022. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/467485.

Flyvbjerg, B. (2004). Five misunderstandings about case study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1304.1186

Frank, E. & Hogendoorn-Schweighofer, P. (2026). Erasmus+ Blended Intensive Programmes’ role in promoting inclusivity and sustainability in management education – A survey-based evaluation. The International Journal of Management Education, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2026.101358

Hepple, E., Alford, J., Henderson, D., Tangen, D., Hurwood, M., Shaari, Z. A. H. & Alwi, A. (2017) Developing intercultural learning in Australian pre-service teachers through participating in a short term mobility Programme in Malaysia. Teaching and Teacher Education, 66, 273-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.04.014

Inner Development Goals (2025). Transformational skills for sustainable development. https://innerdevelopmentgoals.org/guide/ Accessed June 17, 2026

Jager, R. (2025). The development of intercultural competence through internationalisation at home: The case of Erasmus+ blended intensive programmes within European University Alliances. In Alexander, F. and Curylo, B. (Eds.), The European Universities Initiative and the ‘Euro-internationalisation’ of European Higher Education, pp. 65-82. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003490654

Kaider, F., Hains-Wesson, R. & Young, K. (2017). Practical typology of authentic work-integrated learning activities and assessments Asia-Pacific Journal of Co-operative Education. Special Issue: Advancing the WIL curriculum to enhance graduate employability. https://www.ijwil.org/files/APJCE_18_2_153_165.pdf

Knapp, K., Drewery, D. & Fannon, A-M. (2024). A transformative journey: Exploring stress and learning during the co-op job search and application process. In K. E. Zegwaard and J. Fleming (Eds.), Refereed Proceedings of the 5th WACE International Research Symposium on Cooperative and Work-Integrated Education, 2024, University West, Sweden pp. 155-160. WACE Inc. https://wgaowil.wildapricot.org/resources/Documents/WACE%20IRS%202024/WACE%20IRS%20Proceedings%202024.pdf Accessed June 17, 2026

Lysgaard, S. (1955). Adjustment in a foreign society: Norwegian Fulbright grantees visiting the United States. International Social Science Bulletin, 7, 45–51. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000033837

McRae, N., Pretti, T. J., & Church, D. (2018). Work-integrated learning quality framework, AAA. University of Waterloo, Centre for the Advancement of Cooperative Education. https://share.google/OprYdB6SD0l2MmoKn

McRae, N., Church, D., Woodside, J., Drewery, D., Fannon, A., & Pretti, J. (2019). Toward a future-ready talent framework for co-operative and work-integrated learning. In HEAD'19. 5th International Conference on Higher Education Advances, pp. 1255-1262. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/HEAd19.2019.9319

Meredith, M. J. (2025). Insights from combining COIL & short-term study abroad: Using blended mobility to enhance international business communication learning. EuroAmerican Journal of Applied Linguistics and Languages E-JournALL, Special Issue, 12(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.21283/2376905X.1.12.1.3286

Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative Learning: Theory to practice. New directions for adult and continuing education, 74, 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/ace.7401

Mezirow, J. & Taylor, E. (2011) Transformative learning in practice. San Fransisco: Wiley & Sons.

Nada, C., & Legutko, J. (2022). Maybe we did not learn that much academically, but we learn more from experience – Erasmus mobility and its potential for transformative learning. Journal of Intercultural Relations, 87(3), 183-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.03.002

OECD (2009). 21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Students in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers 41. https://doi.org/10.1787/218525261154

OECD (2018). Pisa 2018 global competence. https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/sub-issues/global-competence/pisa-2018-global-competence.html Accessed June 17, 2026

Oghenebruphiyo, G. O. (2020). Cultural immersion: A trigger for transformative learning. MDPI Social Sciences, 9(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9020020

Perfölz, R. & López-Varela, A. (2022). Internationalisation of teaching and learning through blended mobility: potentials of joint international blended bourses and challenges in their implementation. Education Sciences, 12(11), 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110810

Perry, L., Stoner, L. & Tarrant, M. (2012) More than a vacation: Short-term study abroad as a critically reflective, transformative learning experience. Creative Education, 3(5), 679–683. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.35101

Prada, E., Mareque, M., Dias de Carvalho, A., & Pino-Juste, M. (2025). A blended intensive programme behind the scenes: Organisational and methodological effectiveness. International Journal of Instruction, 18(3), 659–682. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2025.18334a

Purg, P., Širok, K. & Brasil, D. (2018). The Transformative Impact of Blended Mobility Courses. The international journal of Art & Design education, 37(2), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/jade.12101

Thon, A., & Brekke Hauglid, B. (2025). Work-integrated learning in Norway: Reviewing the field and future direction. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 26(3), 575-590. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/395294965_Work-integrated_learning_in_Norway_Reviewing_the_field_and_future_directions Accessed June 17, 2026

Tucker, M., Gullekson, N. & McCambridge, J. (2011). Assurance of learning in short-term, study abroad programs. Research in Higher Education Journal, 14, 1-11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268345631_Assurance_of_learning_in_short-term_study_abroad_programs Accessed June 17, 2026

UNESCO (2015). Rethinking Education: Towards a Global Common Good. UNESCO. https://unevoc.unesco.org/e-forum/RethinkingEducation.pdf

United Nations (2015). The Sustainable Development Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals Accessed June 17, 2026

Weltzera, T., Druzoveca, M., & Escudeirob, N. (2020). Intercultural perspective in blended mobility. Journal of International Business Research and Marketin,g 5(4), 7-11. DOI: 10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.54.3001 https://researchleap.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/01.Intercultural-Perspective-in-Blended-Mobility.pdf Accessed June 17, 2026

World Economic Forum (2016). Ten 21st Century skills every student needs. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2016/03/21st-century-skills-future-jobs-students/ Accessed June 17, 2026

Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research. Design and methods. Sage.

Zegwaard, K. E., Pretti, T. J., Rowe, A. D., & Ferns, S. J. (2023). Defining work-integrated learning. In Zegwaard, K. E., & Pretti, T. J. (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook of work-integrated learning, 3rd ed., p. 29-48. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.4324/9781003156420-4

Downloads

Published

2026-08-11

How to Cite

Stavelie, H. (2026). Short-term international mobility and its potential to develop students’ soft skills: A case-study of a Blended Intensive Programme. Current Issues in Work-Integrated Learning, 2(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.64775/ciwil.2026.64010

Issue

Section

Original Articles