How Do I Cook an Impact Factor Article If You Do Not Show Me What the Ingredients Are?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24834/educare.2021.1.6Keywords:
Academic writing, doctoral studies, publishing, supervisors, writing supportAbstract
Doctoral studies in the Czech Republic are highly individualized with little coursework outside the supervisor/supervisee dyad, and the PhD students are mandated to publish prior to the dissertation defense. This mandate is troublesome because writing development has been on the fringes of the Czech education culture. In addition, the publications often must be in English, and many doctoral students struggle with English. In this exploratory study, we examined how this mandate translates into practice, how doctoral students learn to meet the requirements and how university administrators/supervisors perceive doctoral writing development. To answer our questions, we interviewed 7 university administrators/dissertation supervisors and 7 doctoral students from various backgrounds and universities, looking for diverse views on the issue. Our analysis confirmed the formal status of supervisors as the key doctoral writing literacy brokers. While the supervisors acknowledged their role, they also tended to view doctoral writing as a matter of self-study and funding, thus indirectly emphasising the publication outcomes. In contrast, doctoral students called for structured support of their writing processes. We propose a systemic approach to introduce writing pedagogies into the Czech discourse. With this study we hope to contribute to research on doctoral writing for publication of EAL (English as an Additional Language) students in Central Europe.
References
Aitchison, C., Catterall, J., Ross, P., & Burgin, S. (2012). ‘Tough love and tears’: learning doctoral writing in the sciences. Higher Education Research & Development, 31(4), 435–447. Doi: 10.1080/07294360.2011.559195
Aitchison, C., & Guerin, C. (2014). Writing groups for doctoral education and beyond: innovations in practice and theory. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Aitchison, C., Kamler, Kamler, B., & Lee, A. (2010). Publishing Pedagogies for the Doctorate and Beyond.
Aitchison, C., Kamler, B., & Lee, A. (2010). Publishing pedagogies for the doctorate and beyond. New York: Routledge.
Aitchison, C., & Lee, A. (2006). Research writing: problems and pedagogies. Teaching in Higher Education, 11(3), 265–278. doi: 10.1080/13562510600680574
Aitchison, C., & Paré, A. (2012). Writing as craft and practice in the doctoral curriculum. In S. D. Alison Lee (Ed.), Reshaping doctoral education: International approaches and pedagogies (pp. 12–25): Routledge.
Badenhorst, C., & Guerin, C. (2016). Research literacies and writing pedagogies for masters and doctoral writers. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Bazerman, C. (2017). Equity means having full voice in the conversation. Equidad significa participar plenamente en la conversación(50), 33–45.
Bitusikova, S. (2009). New challenges in doctoral education in Europe. In D. Boud & A. Lee (Eds.), Changing practice of doctoral education. London: Routledge.
Boud, D., & Lee, A. (2005). 'Peer learning' as pedagogic discourse for research education. Studies in Higher Education, 30(5), 501–516. Doi: 10.1080/03075070500249138
Boud, D., & Lee, A. (2009). Changing practices of doctoral education. London; New York: Routledge.
Burgess, S., & Cargill, M. (2013). Using genre analysis and corpus linguistics to teach research article writing. In Supporting research Writing. Roles and challenges in multilingual settings (pp. 55–71): Woodhead Publishing Limited.
Canagarajah, A. S. (2002). A geopolitics of academic writing. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Carter, S. (2013). Doctoral Education: Research-Based Strategies for Doctoral Students, Supervisors and Administrators. Higher Education Quarterly, 67(4), 438–440. Doi: 10.1111/hequ.12027
Carter, S., & Laurs, D. (2018). Developing research writing : a handbook for supervisors and advisors. London; New York, NY: Routledge.
Casanave, C. P. (2010). Dovetailing under impossible circumstances. In C. Aitchison, B. Kamler, & A. Lee (Eds.), Publishing pedagogies for the doctorate and beyond (pp. 47–63). New York: Routledge.
Cidlinská, K. (2017). Postavení doktorandek a doktorandů v ČR, nevalná vizitka české vědy [The status of Czech PhD students, poor image of Czech science]. Universitas.cz [online] 2020 [cited 2020-03-05]. Retrieved from https://www.universitas.cz/forum/115-postaveni-doktorandek-a-doktorandu-v-cr-nevalna-vizitka-ceske-vedy
Curry, M. J., & Lillis, T. (2004). Multilingual Scholars and the Imperative to Publish in English: Negotiating Interests, Demands, and Rewards. TESOL Quarterly, 38(4), 663–688. Doi: 10.2307/3588284
Czech Republic. (1998). Higher Education Act. Czech Republic.
Červinková, A. (2010). Nejistá sezóna: Spravování doktorského studia a ustavování počátku akademické dráhy [Precarious season: Managing PhD programme and enacting the early stage of academic career]. Biograf, 51. Retrieved from http://www.biograf.org/clanek.php?clanek=v5101
Čmejrková, S. (1996). Academic writing in Czech and English. In E. Ventola & A. Mauranen (Eds.), Academic Writing : Intercultural and textual issues (pp. 137–152). Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, THE: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Dontcheva-Navratilova, O. (2013). Lexical bundles indicating authorial presence: A cross-cultural analysis of novice Czech and German writers’ academic discourse. Discourse and Interaction, 6(1), 7–24.
Dontcheva-Navrátilová, O. (2013). Authorial presence in academic discourse: Functions of author-reference pronouns. Linguistica Pragensia, 23(1), 9–30.
Driscoll, D. L., & Wells, J. (2012). Beyond Knowledge and Skills: Writing Transfer and the Role of Student Dispositions. Composition Forum, Fall 2012(26). Retrieved from http://compositionforum.com/issue/26/beyond-knowledge-skills.php
Estrem, H. (2015). Disciplinary and Professional Identities are Constructed through Writing. In L. Adler-Kassner & E. A. Wardle (Eds.), Naming what we know : threshold concepts of writing studies (Classroom edition. ed., pp. 55–56). Logan: Utah State University Press.
Fárová, N. (2018). Akademici a akademičky 2017 : stres, nejistota, nízké mzdy a negativní postoje k rodičovství [Academics 2017: stress, uncertainty, low salaries and negative attitudes to parenthood].
Flowerdew, J. (2000). Discourse Community, Legitimate Peripheral Participation, and the Nonnative-English-Speaking Scholar. TESOL Quarterly, 34(1), 127–150. Doi: 10.2307/3588099
Geisler, C., & Swarts, J. (2019). Coding streams of language: Techniques for the systematic coding of text, talk, and other verbal data: The WAC Clearinghouse; University Press of Colorado.
Government of the Czech Republic. (2015). Methodology for Evaluating Research Organisations and RD&I Purpose-tied Aid Programmes (valid for years 2017+). Retrieved from https://www.vyzkum.cz/FrontClanek.aspx?idsekce=695512.
Guerin, C. (2016). Connecting the Dots: Writing a Doctoral Thesis by Publication. In C. Badenhorst & C. Guerin (Eds.), Research literacies and writing pedagogies for masters and doctoral writers (pp. xx, 435 pages). Leiden; Boston: Brill.
Harris, M. (1992). The writing center and tutoring in WAC programs. Writing across the curriculum: A guide to developing programs, 109-122.
Harris, M. (1995). Talking in the middle: Why writers need writing tutors. College English, 57(1), 27–42.
Hublová, G. (2016). Rozvoj diskurzivní kompetence v cizojazyčném akademickém psaní v anglickém jazyce v důsledku účasti v e-learningovém kurzu [Development of Discursive Competence in Academic Writing in English as a Consequence of Participation in an e-learning course]. PdF MU. Disertační práce, Retrieved from https://is.muni.cz/th/tkm70/DISERTACNI_PRACE.pdf
Hůlková, I., Dontcheva-Navratilova, O., Jančaříková, R., & Schmied, J. (2019). Intercultural variation in academic discourse: Theme zones and the build-up of coherence in research articles. Topics in Linguistics, 20(2), 33–53.
Hyland, K. (2015). Academic publishing : issues and challenges in the construction of knowledge. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Chamonikolasová, J. (2005). Věcný text v české a anglosaské kultuře [Informative texts in Czech and Anglo-American culture]. Paper presented at the Tvůrčí psaní–klíčová kompetence na vysoké škole. Sborník příspěvků z mezinárodní konference uskutečněné ve dnech 21. až 23. října 2004 na Filozofické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity v Brně [Creative writing-key competence in univerisities. Collection of contributions from the international conference taking place on 21-23 October 2004, Faculty of Philosophy, Masaryk University in Brno].
Chamonikolasová, J., & Stašková, J. (2005). Some difficulties facing native speakers of Czech and Slovak in writing in English. Theory and Practice in English Studies, 3, 54–59.
Kamler, B., & Thomson, P. (2008). The Failure of Dissertation Advice Books: Toward Alternative Pedagogies for Doctoral Writing. Educational Researcher, 37(8), 507–514.
Kamler, B., & Thomson, P. (2014). Helping Doctoral Students Write. London: Routledge.
Kempenaar, L., & Murray, R. (2019). Widening access to writing support: beliefs about the writing process are key. Journal of Further & Higher Education, 43(8), 1109–1119.
Lea, M. R., & Street, B. V. (2006). The "Academic Literacies" Model: Theory and Applications. Theory Into Practice, 45(4), 368–377. Doi: 10.1207/s15430421tip4504_11
Lee, A. (2010). When the article is the dissertation: pedagogies for a PhD by publication. In C. Aitchison, B. Kamler, & A. Lee (Eds.), Publishing pedagogies for the doctorate and beyond (pp. 12–29). New York: Routledge.
Lee, A., & Boud, D. (2009). Framing doctoral education as practice. Changing practices of doctoral education, 10–25.
Lee, A., & Kamler, B. (2008). Bringing pedagogy to doctoral publishing. Teaching in Higher Education, 13(5), 511–523.
Lee, A., & Murray, R. (2015). Supervising writing: helping postgraduate students develop as researchers. Innovations in Education & Teaching International, 52(5), 558–570. Doi: 10.1080/14703297.2013.866329
Lillis, T., & Curry, M. J. (2006). Professional Academic Writing by Multilingual Scholars:Interactions With Literacy Brokers in the Production of English-Medium Texts. Written Communication, 23(1), 3–35. Doi: 10.1177/0741088305283754
Matarese, V. (Ed.) (2013). Supporting Research Writing: Roles and challenges in multilingual settings: Woodhead Publishing Limited.
McAlpine, L., & Amundsen, C. (2011). Doctoral education: research-based strategies for doctoral students, supervisors and administrators. Dordrecht; New York: Springer.
Meyer, J. W., & Scott, W. R. (1992). Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality: SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
Murray, R. (2014). Writing in Social Spaces : A Social Processes Approach to Academic Writing. Hoboken: Routledge.
National Training Fund. (2019). Souhrnná studie z výzkumu doktorského studia na UK a návrhy opatření na zlepšení jeho podmínek a výsledků [Comprehensive study of doctoral studies at Charles University and recommendations to improve the conditions and results]. Unpublished report for Charles University, Prague as part of the project Celonárodní výzkum o studentech doktorských studijních programů v oblasti socioekonomického zabezpečení [University-wide research on students in doctoral studies programs and their socio-economic security].
Neusar, A. (2016). Jak minimalizovat trápení při odborném psaní [How to minimise suffering from academic writing]. Paper presented at the PhD existence 2016. Česko-slovenská psychologická konference (nejen) pro doktorandy a doktorandky. Sborník odborných příspěvků. [PhD existence 2016. Czech-Slovak psychological conference (not only) for doctoral stduents. Collection of conference proceedings.], Olomouc.
Paré, A. (2010). Slow the presses: Concerns about premature publication. In C. Aitchison, B. Kamler, & A. Lee (Eds.), Publishing pedagogies for the doctorate and beyond (pp. xi, 159 p.). New York: Routledge.
Paré, A. (2011). Speaking of Writing: Supervisory Feedback and the Dissertation. In L. McAlpine & C. Amundsen (Eds.), Doctoral Education: Research-Based Strategies for Doctoral Students, Supervisors and Administrators (pp. 59–74). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Povolná, R. (2016). A cross cultural analysis of conjuncts as indicators of the interaction and negotiation of meaning in research articles. Topics in Linguistics, 17(1), 45–63. Doi: 10.1515/topling-2016-0004
Povolná, R. (2018). On some persuasive strategies in technical discourse: Cross-cultural analysis of directives in English and Czech technical manuals. Topics in Linguistics, 19(2), 72–85. Doi: 10.2478/topling-2018-0011
Schneiderová, S. (2015). Písemné práce českých vysokoškolských studentů jako ilustrace jedné části akademického diskurzu [Written Work Made by Czech University Students as an Illustration of One of the Parts of the Academic Discourse]. Didaktické studie, 7(2), 58–71.
Smirnova, N. V. (2016). Writing-for-Publication: Online Pedagogy for Post/Graduate Research Writing. In C. Badenhorst & C. Guerin (Eds.), Research literacies and writing pedagogies for masters and doctoral writers (pp. 68–92). Leiden ; Boston: Brill.
Starke-Meyerring, D. (2011). The Paradox of Writing in Doctoral Education: Student Experiences. Doctoral Education: Research-based Strategies for Doctoral Students, Supervisors & Administrators, 75–95.
Stepanek, L., & Hradilova, A. (2013). Designing ICT-enhanced language programmes: Academic writing for postgraduate studies. Language Learning in Higher Education, 2(1), 163–171. Doi: 10.1515/cercles-2012-0010
Wallerstein, I. (1976). A World-System Perspective on the Social Sciences. The British Journal of Sociology, 27(3), 343–352. Doi: 10.2307/589620
Wallerstein, I. (2004). World-systems analysis: Duke University Press.
Wardle, E., & Adler-Kassner, L. (2019). Threshold Concepts as a Foundation for “Writing about Writing” Pedagogies. In B. Bird, D. Downs, I. M. McCracken, & J. Rieman (Eds.), Next Steps: New Directions For/in Writing about Writing (pp. 23–34). Louisville, Colorado: University Press of Colorado.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Kamila Etchegoyen-Rosolová, Alena Kašpárková

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
