Att läsa bedömningsuppdraget

Ett textanalytiskt exempel från tidigare svenska och finländska läroplaner

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24834/educare.2023.2.819

Keywords:

assessment literacy, curriculum theory, EFL, syllabus , teacher cognition

Abstract

The last decades have seen regular and frequent modifications of the wording of school curricula in the Nordic countries together with increased appeals from teachers for further clarification. The paper analyzes how assessment of the subject English is presented in Sweden and Finland at the lower and upper secondary levels. The aim was to explore how much space was given to assessment in the texts, the types of expectations on school staff the texts generate, and the competences required to meet these, while considering the predominant curriculum theories reflected in these texts.  It is a comparative case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show an imbalance between the two countries when it comes to space allocated to assessment.  The Finnish curriculum is more extensive and distinct compared to the Swedish one.  In both countries teachers’ main obligation is to make assessments based on knowledge and praxeological competence. Systematic and deliberative curriculum theory permeates both, but the shorter Swedish general guidelines give more space for local interpretation than the more detailed Finnish guidelines. Nevertheless, there are several issues in both curricula that can cause ambiguity. The importance of more distinct and transparent guidelines is thus apparent.

 

References

Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education. Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7–74.

Borg, S. (2011). The Impact of in-service teacher education on language teachers’ beliefs. Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 39(3), 370–380.

Borg, S. (2015). Teacher cognition and language education. Research and Practice. Bloomsbury.

Borg, S. (2018). Evaluating the impact of professional development. RELC Journal, 49(2), 195–216. DOI: 10.1177/0033688218784371

Brookhart, S. M. (2011). Educational assessment knowledge and skills for teachers. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 30(1), 3–12.

Council of Europe. (2001). The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge University Press.

Council of Europe. (2018). Companion volume with new descriptors. https://rm.coe.int/cefr-companion-volume-with-new-descriptors-2018/1680787989

DeLuca, C., Bolden, B., & Chan, J. (2017). Systemic professional learning through collaborative inquiry. Examining teachers’ perspectives. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 67–78.

Dragemark Oscarson, A. (2009). Self-Assessment of writing in learning English as a foreign language: A study at the upper secondary school level [Doktorsavhandling, Göteborgs universitet]. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.

Dragemark Oscarson, A. (2021). Swedish pre-service language teachers’ understanding of key elements of summative assessment. Teacher Education, Beliefs, and Identities. Virtuell konferenspresentation vid American Association for Applied Linguistics [AAAL], 19—23 mars. https://www.xcdsystem.com/aaal/program/64O29Sh/index.cfm?pgid=57

Elde Mølstad, C., & Karseth, B. (2016). National curricula in Norway and Finland: The role of learning outcomes. European Educational Research Journal, 15(3), 329–344.

Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring. American Psychologist, 34(10), 906--911.

Fulcher, G. (2012). Assessment literacy for the language classroom. Language Assessment Quarterly, 9(2), 113–132.

Galaczi, E. D. (2013). Content analysis. I A. J. Kunnan (Red.), The companion to Language Assessment (3e uppl.) (s. 1323-1339). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: 10.1002/9781118411360.wbcla063

Hallberg, L. (2020, 11 juni). Lärare ger för låga betyg. Special Nest, Neuropsykiatri i fokus. https://www.specialnest.se/skola/larare-ger-laga-betyg

Hildén, R., & Dragemark Oscarson, A. (2021). Summative assessment in principle and practice – Finnish Language teacher students speak their minds. Virtuell konferenspresentation vid Linguapeda, Helsingfors universitet. 14—15 maj.

Hildén, R., & Takala, S. (2007). Relating descriptors of the Finnish school scale to the CEF overall scales for communicative activities. I T. A. Koskensalo, J. Smeds, P. Kaikkonen & V. Kohonen (Red.), Foreign languages and multicultural perspectives in the European context (s. 291–300). LIT Verlag.

Inbar-Lourie, O. (2017). Language assessment literacy. I E. Shohamy, L. Or & S. May (Red.), Language Testing and Assessment (s. 257–270). Springer International Publishing,

Johansson, A. (2018). Lärares bedömningsspråk. Språkhandlingar, bedömning och språklig utformning i grundskolans skriftliga omdömen [Doktorsavhandling, Linnéuniversitetet]. Linneaus University Press.

Jönsson, A., & Balan, A. (2018). Analytic or holistic: A study of agreement between different grading models. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 23.

Krille, C. (2020). Teachers' participation in professional development. A systematic review. Springer.

Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2014). Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun. MTM.

Lag om Nationella centret för utbildningsutvärdering, 1295/2013. https://www.karvi.fi/sv

Lundahl, C. (2006). Viljan att veta vad andra vet. Kunskapsbedömning i tidigmodern, modern och senmordern skola [Doktorsavhandling, Uppsala Universitet]. Arbetslivsinstitutet/Uppsala Universitet.

Lundahl, C., Hultén, M., Klapp, A., & Mickwitz, L. (2015). Betygens geografi—Forskning om betyg och bedömningar i Sverige och internationellt. Vetenskapsrådet.

Null, W. (2017). Curriculum. From theory to practice. Rowman & Littlefield.

O’Connor, C., & Joffe, H. (2020). Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: Debates and practical guidelines. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. DOI: 10.1177/1609406919899220

Oscarson, M. (1997). Self-assessment of foreign and second language proficiency. I C. Clapham & D. Corson (Red.), The encyclopedia of language and education. 7: Language testing and assessment (s. 175-87). Kluwer.

Oscarson, M. (2014). Self-Assessment in the classroom. I A. J. Kunan (Red.), The companion to Language Assessment (2e uppl.) (s. 1-18). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: 10.1002/9781118411360.wbcla046

Oscarson, M. (2015). Bedömning på systemnivå - svenska skolan och språknivåer i Europarådets Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR). Educare, (2), 128-153.

Ouakrim-Soivio, N., Rautopuro, J., & Hildén, R. (2018). Shadows under the North Star--The inequality developing in Finnish school education. Nordidactica: Journal of Humanities and Social Science Education, (3), 65-86. http://kau.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1257214&dswid=-5711

Pastore, S., & Andrade, H. L. (2019). Teacher assessment literacy: A three-dimensional model. Teaching and Teacher Education, 84, 128–138.

Perry, M. L. (2013). Teacher and principal assessment literacy [Avhandling, University of Montana]. University of Montana ScholarWorks.

Popham, W. J. (2009). Assessment literacy for teachers: Faddish or fundamental? Theory Into Practice, 48(1), 4—11. DOI: 10.1080/00405840802577536

Rinne, I. (2014). Pedagogisk takt i betygssamtal [Dokorsavhandling, Göteborgs universitet]. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis.

Schriewer, J. (1988). The method of comparison and the need for externalization: Methodological criteria and sociological concepts. I J. Schriewer & B. Holmes (Red.), Theories and methods in comparative education (s. 25–83). Peter Lang.

Selghed, B. (2004). Ännu icke godkänt: lärares sätt att erfara betygssystemet och dess tillämpning i yrkesutövningen [Doktorsavhandling, Malmö högskola]. Malmö Högskola.

Selghed, B. (2011). Betygen i skolan. Kunskapssyn, bedömningsprinciper och läropraxis. Liber.

Skolverket. (2011a). Läroplan för gymnasiet. https://www.skolverket.se/undervisning/gymnasieskolan/laroplan-program-och-amnen-i-gymnasieskolan/laroplan-gy11-for-gymnasieskolan 2019-11-08

Skolverket. (2011b). Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet. Fritzes.

Skolverket. (2015). Skolreformer i praktiken. Rapport 418. Fritzes.

SFS 2010:800. Skollag. Utbildningsdepartement.

Studentexamensnämnden. Lagen om studentexamen (502/2019) (2020). https://www.ylioppilastutkinto.fi/sv/informationsservice/statistik/statistiktabeller, 2020)

Stiggins, R. J. (1991). Assessment literacy. Phi Delta Kappan, 72(7), 534–539.

Stiggins, R. J. (2001). The principal’s leadership role in assessment. NASSP Bulletin, 85(621), 19–26.

Taylor, L. (2013). Communicating the theory, practice, and principles of language testing to test stakeholders: Some reflections. Language Testing, 30(3), 403–412.

Tholin, J. (2006). Att kunna klara sig i ökänd natur. En studie av betyg och betygskriterier. Historiska betingelser och implementering av ett nytt system [Doktorsavhandling, Högskolan i Borås]. Högskolan i Borås.

Uljens, M., & Rajakaltio, H. (2017). National curriculum development as educational leadership. I M. Uljens & R.M. Ylimaki (Red.), Bridging educational leadership, curriculum theory and didaktik: Non-affirmative theory of education (s. 411-437). Springer Open.

Utbildningsstyrelsen. (2014). Grunderna för läroplanen för den grundläggande utbildningen. Föreskrifter och anvisningar 2014:96. Utbildningsstyrelsen.

Utbildningsstyrelsen. (2015). Grunderna för gymnasiets läroplan. Föreskrifter och anvisningar 2015:48. Utbildningsstyrelsen.

Utbildningsstyrelsen. (2020a). Kompetensledning. https://www.oph.fi/sv/utveckling/kompetensledning.

Utbildningsstyrelsen. (2020b). https://www.oph.fi/sv/utbildning-och-examina/gymnasieutbildning/glp2021-stod-implementeringen-av-gymnasiets-laroplan

Vitikka, E., & Rissanen, M. (2019). Opetussuunnitelma kansallisena ja paikallisena ohjausvälineenä. [Läroplan som nationellt och lokalt styrinstrument]. I T. Autio., L. Hakala, & T. Kujala. (2019). Siirtymiä ja ajan merkkejä koulutuksessa: Opetussuunnitelmatutkimuksen näkökulmia. Tammerfors universitet.

Vitikka E., Krokfors L., & Rikabi L. (2016). The Finnish national core curriculum. I H. Niemi, A. Toom & Kallioniemi A. (Red), Miracle of Education. SensePublishers. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-6300-776-4_6

Vogt, K., & Tsagari, D. (2014). Assessment literacy of foreign language teachers: Findings of a European study. Language Assessment Quarterly, 11, 374–402. DOI: 10.1080/15434303.2014.

Volante, L., & Fazio, X. (2007). Exploring teacher candidates' assessment literacy: Implications for teacher education reform and professional development. Canadian Journal of Education, 30(3), 749–770.

Wahlström, N. (2015). Läroplansteori och didaktik. Gleerups.

Wallberg, H. (2017, 4e maj). Myter och missförstånd kring betyg och bedömning. Skolvärlden. https://skolvarlden.se/artiklar/myter-och-missforstand-kring-betyg-och-bedomning

Xu, Y., & Brown, G. (2016). Teacher assessment literacy in practice. A reconceptualization, Teaching and Teacher Education, (58), 149–162. DOI: 10.1016/j.tate.2016.05.010.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-20

How to Cite

Dragemark Oscarson, A., Fröjdendahl, B., & Hildén, R. (2023). Att läsa bedömningsuppdraget: Ett textanalytiskt exempel från tidigare svenska och finländska läroplaner. Educare, (2), 210–242. https://doi.org/10.24834/educare.2023.2.819

Issue

Section

Articles