Assessing digital preservation training needs in cultural heritage institutions in Saudi Arabia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47989/ir31iConf64256Keywords:
Digital preservation, Training programmes, Cultural heritage, Institutions, Preservation specialists, Saudi Arabia, Skills, PoliciesAbstract
Introduction. We discuss an investigation into the digital preservation training needs of Saudi Arabia’s cultural heritage institutions, where digital preservation is in its infancy. Assessing training needs is vital to provide programmes tailored to digital preservation specialists’ distinctive needs.
Method. An exploratory qualitative case study design was chosen, involving selected managers and practitioners from relevant Saudi cultural heritage institutions. In this paper we report on the online survey with King Abdulaziz Foundation for Research and Archives (Darah), King Abdul Aziz Public Library, King Fahad National Library, Saudi National Centre for Archives and Records, Makkah Centre for Archives and Records, King Abdullah University Library.
Analysis. Data from 37 survey respondents were analysed using the statistical package SPSS and Braun and Clarke’s six steps for thematic analysis; NVivo software was used to assist with coding and themes development.
Results. Findings help fill a regional gap in a predominantly Western-centric literature on digital preservation training and offer insights for cultural heritage information management and international digital humanities research.
Conclusion. To safeguard long term preservation of cultural heritage, training needs of digital preservation specialists in Saudi Arabia and beyond must be adequately addressed, planned for, financially and institutionally supported, adequately communicated, and promoted.
References
Ahmad, S., Ameen, K., Ahmad, S. (2021). Information professionals’ soft skills status and barriers in its development: a mixed method study. Library Management, 42 (1–2), 80–92, https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-03-2020-0048.
Ahmad, R., Rafiq, M. (2022). Assessing the preparedness of university libraries for digital preservation. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 48(6), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102617 .
Ahmad, R., Rafiq, M. (2023). Global perspective on digital preservation policy: A systematic review. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 55 (3), 859–867, https://doi.org/10.1177/09610006221111572 .
Albushra, G., Innocenti, P., & Halvey, M. (2025). Digital preservation training needs in cultural heritage institutions: A systematic review and conceptual framework. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Cultural Heritage, in press.
Alghamdi, J. et al. (2023). 21st-Century Digital Skills Required in Workplaces: A Case from Saudi Arabia. Information Sciences Letters an International Journal, 12(11), 2953, 2023, https://doi.org/10.18576/isl/121110.
Alhaif, A. (2023). Requirements of Digital Archiving in Saudi Libraries in the Light of International Standards: King Fahad National Library as a Model. Open Information Science, 7 (1) 20220160. https://doi.org/10.1515/opis-2022-0160 .
Ali, D., Milleville, K., Verstockt, S., Van de Weghe, N., Chambers, S., Birkholz, J.M. (2024). Computer vision and machine learning approaches for metadata enrichment to improve searchability of historical newspaper collections. Journal of Documentation 80(5):1031–1056. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-01-2022-0029
Aljalahmah, S., Zavalina, O.L. (2024). Audiovisual resources metadata: analysis of records originating from novice metadata creators in Kuwait. Journal of Library Metadata 24(3):189–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/19386389.2024.2343577
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carr, A., Balasubramanian, K., Atieno, R., Onyango, J. (2020). Lifelong learning to empowerment: beyond formal education. Expanding Horizons in Open and Distance Learning, 69–86. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429292941-6.
Choudhary, H. (2024). Building bridges to digital inclusion: Implications for curriculum development of digital literacy training programmes. International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 16(3), 282–296. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTEL.2024.139706
Cook, J., Smith, M. (2004). Beyond formal learning: Informal community eLearning. Computer Education, 43 (1–2), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2003.12.003 .
da Silva, W. (2024). Why Digital Preservation Should Be Treated as Public Policy. Collections. https://doi.org/10.1177/15501906241256147.
David, S., Soyemi, O.D. (2021). ICT competence and digital preservation practices of library personnel in selected Nigerian private universities. International Journal of Academic Research in Education and Review, 9(5):248–259.
Digital Preservation Coalition. (2025). DPC Digital Preservation Competency Framework Version 2.0 March 2025. Dpconline.org. https://www.dpconline.org/docman/digital-preservation/competency-framework/3453-dp-cf-2
Feng, Y., Richards, L. (2018). A review of digital curation professional competencies: theory and current practices. Records Management Journal, 28 (1), 62–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/RMJ-09-2016-0022.
Gassem, L. (2020). Archive departments are too often neglected, says director of Saudi historical materials conservation centre. Arab News. Accessed: May 27, 2025. Available: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1612076/saudi-arabia
IFLA. (2022). Now Released IFLA Guidelines for Professional LIS Education Programmes and Invitation to Guidelines Session. IFLA. https://www.ifla.org/news/now-released-ifla-guidelines-for-professional-lis-education-programmes-and-invitation-to-guidelines-session/
Kaluvilla, B. B. (2024). Cultural preservation through technology in UAE libraries, ‘Library Hi Tech News, 41 (8), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/LHTN-02-2024-0032.
Kilbride, W. (2019). Minding the Gaps: Digital Preservation Then and Now. DPC, https://www.dpconline.org/blog/minding-the-gaps
Kinoshita, T., Onuma, T. (2022). Digital Preservation at GLAMs in Japan. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 13636 LNCS, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21756-2_33
Lefurgy, W. (2005). Building Preservation Partnerships: The Library of Congress National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program. Library Trends, 54 (1), 163–172, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/193225 .
Livingston, E.H., Wislar, J.S. (2012) Minimum response rates for survey research. JAMA Surgery, 147 (2) https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2011.2169
Matlala, M.E., Ncube, T.R., Parbanath, S. (2022). The state of digital records preservation in South Africa’s public sector in the 21st century: a literature review. Records Management Journal 32(2):198–212. https://doi.org/10.1108/RMJ-02-2021-0004
McMeekin, S., & Currie, A. (2022). Ain’t no mountain high enough: developing a new comptency framework for digital preservation. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Digital Preservation: iPRES 2022 (pp. 99-107). Glasgow: DPC. https://www.ipres2022.scot
Mudle, K.R., Cocciolo, A. (2024). What needs to be learned by US cultural heritage professionals? Results from the Digital Preservation Outreach & Education Network. Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 53(3):179–185. https://doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2024-0024
Nurunnabi, M. (2017). Transformation from an oil-based economy to a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia: the direction of Saudi Vision 2030. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 8:536–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-017-0479-8
Rasaki, E. O., & Abioye, A. (2018). Human, conceptual, and technical skills as determinants of preservation management in university libraries in Southern Nigeria. Global Knowledge, Memory, and Communication, 67(1/2), 34-51.
Rieger, O. Y., Schonfeld, R. C., & Sweeney, L. (2022). The Effectiveness and Durability of Digital Preservation and Curation Systems. https://doi.org/10.18665/sr.316990
Ross, S. (2012). Digital preservation, archival science, and methodological foundations for digital libraries. New Review of Information Networking, 17(1):43–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/13614576.2012.679446
Ruthven, I., & Chowdhury, G. (Eds.) (2014). Cultural Heritage Information Access and Management. (iSeries).
UNESCO (2019), The 2019 Declaration to Support Preservation of Documentary Heritage in the Arab Region (outcome document from the regional conference ‘Supporting documentary heritage preservation in the Arab Region’, organised by UNESCO and the Qatar National Library in Doha, 1-2 December 2019.
UNESCO and Royal Commission for AIULA (2023), The Preservation of Documentary Heritage in Saudi Arabia and the larger Arab world. Multistakeholder Consultation Report October 22-23, 2023, https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2024/01/Riyadh%20Consultation%20Report%20-%20Documentary%20Heritage%20in%20the%20Arab%20World_0.pdf
UNESCO-UNEVOC (n.d.). Digital competence frameworks for teachers, learners, and citizens. https://unevoc.unesco.org/home/Digital+Competence+Frameworks/la ng=en#tbar.
Wang, R., Wu, C., Liang, J., Wang, Y., Li, W., & Dong, G. (2020). Archives robot research based on manipulator and visual navigation. In 2020 IEEE 5th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC) (pp. 819–822). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITOEC49072.2020.9141629
Yin, R.K. (2009) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, 5th edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks.
Zarnitz M., Bähr, T., Arning, U. (2019). Ten years of strategic collaboration of libraries in digital preservation. Liber Quarterly, 29(1):1–22 https://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10278
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ghaliah Albushra , Perla Innocenti

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
