Epistemic injustice and education in the digital age
Introduction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v6i3.33235Keywords:
epistemic injustice, digitalization, technology, higher education, mediatizationAbstract
The aim of this article is to function as a starting point for combining the study of epistemic injustice in a higher education framework with that of digitalization, including recent developments such as the entrance of AI in higher education. What is identified as the main problem is the power of digital technology and how technologies shape institutional practices of teaching and learning, often in opposition to democratic education aims. The introduction of AI in higher education deepens the mediatization process of higher education, demonstrated by a mainstream oriented usage of AI. In higher education, digital technology shapes practices that are indifferent to the epistemic claims and rights of students, and quite perfectly attuned to the ‘practical needs’ of digital technology which severely challenges the concept of knowing and also critical thinking in higher education.
References
Ainiala T., Räisä T., & Sjöblom P. (2020). Mediakeskustelun välittämä Tampereen yliopiston nimenvalintaprosessi osallistujien roolien, positioiden ja argumenttien valossa. (The mediated debate on the naming process of Tampere University in the light of roles, positions and arguments). Puhe ja Kieli, (Speech and Language) 40(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.23997/pk.95494
Alvarado, R. (2023). AI as an Epistemic Technology. Science and Engineering Ethics, 29(32). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00451-3
Anderson, E. (2012). Epistemic Justice as a Virtue of Social Institutions. Social Epistemology 26(2), 163–173.
Asp, K. (1986). Mäktiga massmedier. Studier i politisk opinionsbildning. (Powerful mass media. Studies in political opinion formation). Stockholm: Akademilitteratur.
Battaly, H. (2023). Educating for intellectual pride and ameliorating servility in contexts of epistemic injustice . Educational Philosophy and Theory,ol. 55(3), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2033212
Bender, E. M. (2024). Resisting Dehumanization in the Age of “AI.”. Current Directions in Psychological Science: A Journal of the American Psychological Society, 33(2), 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/09637214231217286
Biesta, G. J. (2010). Good education in an age of measurement. Ethics, Politics, Democracy. London: Routledge.
Carter, A. J., & Meehan, D. (2023). Trust, distrust and testimonial justice. Exploration of the ‘link between testimonial injustice and trust’. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(3), 290-300. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2037418
Cassam, Q. (2023). Misunderstanding vaccine hesitancy: A case study in epistemic injustice. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(3), 315-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2021.2006055
Couldry, N., & Hepp, A. (2017). The mediated construction of reality. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Dahlgren, P. (2018). Media, Knowledge and Tust: The Deepening Crisis of Democracy. Javnost – The Public, 25(1-2), 20-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2018.1418819
Dotson, K. (2012). A Cautionary Tale: On Limiting Epistemic Oppression. Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 33(1), 24-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2018.1418819
Dunne, G. (2023). Epistemic injustice in education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2139238
Dunne, G., & Kotsonis, A. (2023). Epistemic exploitation in education,. Educational Philosophy and Theory, Vol. 55(3), 343-355, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2022.2139238
Ferneding, K. A. (2003). Questioning Technology. Electronic Technologies and Educational Reform. New York: Peter Lang.
Frank, J. (2013). Mitigating Against Epistemic Injustice in Educational Research. Educational Researcher, 363-370.
Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic Injustice. Power and the Ethics of Knowing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fricker, M., Medina, J., Pohlhaus, G., & Kidd, I. J. (2017). eds. The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice. London: Routledge.
Giroux, H. A. (2014). Neoliberalisms War on Higher Education. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
Hepp, A. (2020). Deep mediatization. London: Routledge.
Herzog, L. (2024). Citizen Knowledge. Markets, Experts, and the Infrastructure of Democracy. Oxford: Oxford UP. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197681718.001.0001
Hindman, M. (2009). The Myth of Digital Democracy. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Hjarvard S. (2013). The mediatization of culture and society. New York: Routledge.
Horsthemke, K. (2014). Of ants and men: epistemic injustice, commitment to truth, and the possibility of outsider critique in education. Ethics and Education, 9(1), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.890278
Jandrić, P., Knox, J., Besley, T., Ryberg, T., & Suoranta, J. (2018). Postdigital science and education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 50(10), 893-899.
Kalpokas, I. (2019). A Political Theory of Post-truth. Cham: Palgrave, Macmillan.
Kidd, I. J. (2023). Corrupted temporalities, ‘cultures of speed’, and the possibility of collegiality. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 55(3), 330-342, https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2021.2017883
Medina, J. (2011). The Relevance of Credibility Excess in a Proportional View of Epistemic Injustice: Differential Epistemic Authority and the Social Imaginary . Social Epistemology, 25, 15–35.
Medina, J. (2012). Hermeneutical Injustice and Polyphonic Contextualism: Social Silences and Shared Hermeneutical Responsibilities. Social Epistemology 26(2), 201–220.
Miller, M. L., & Vaccari, C. (2020). Digital Threats to democracy: Comparative Lessons and Possible Remedies. The International Journal of Press/Politics. 25(3), 333–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220922323
Mosco, V. (2004). The Digital Sublime. Myth, Power, and Cyberspace. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
Munn, L. The uselessness of AI ethics. AI Ethics 3, 869–877 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-022-00209-w
Pohlhaus, G. (2012). Relational Knowing and Epistemic Injustice: Toward a Theory of Willful Hermeneutical Ignorance. Hypatia, 27(4), 715–735.
Popenici, S. (2023). Artificial Intelligence and Learning Futures Critical Narratives of Technology and Imagination in Higher Education. New York: Routledge
Rafner, J., Beaty, R.E., Kaufman, J. C., Lubart, T. & Sherson, J. (2023). Creativity in the age of generative AI. Nature Human Behavior 7. 1836-1838. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01751-1
Räisä T. (2022). Family relations: Emotional overload. K. Kopecka-Piech & M. Sobiech, (Eds.). Mediatisation of Emotional Life. Routledge. Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies, 151-167. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003254287-13
Runco, M. A. (2024). AI can only produce artificial creativity. Journal of Creativity, 33(72). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yjoc.2023.100063
Samaržija, H., & Cassam, Q. (2023). The epistemology of democracy. New York: Routledge.
Schiff, D. (2022). Education for AI, not AI for Education: The Role of Education and Ethics in National AI Policy Strategies. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 32, 527–563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40593-021-00270-2
Schiller, D. (1999). Digital Capitalism: Networking the Global Market System. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Selwyn, N. (1999). Educational superhighways - in the public or private interest? Internet Research , 9(3), 225-231.
Selwyn, N. (2011). Schools and Schooling in the Digital Age: A Critical Analysis. London: Routledge.
Selwyn, N. (2014). Distrusting educational technology: Critical questions for changing times. Abingdon Oxon: Routledge.
Spiegel, T. J. (2022). The Epistemic Injustice of Epistemic Injustice. Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective 11(9), 75-90. https://wp.me/p1Bfg0-7dv
Stocchetti, M. (2020). Introduction: Technology, Society and Education. M. Stocchetti, The Digital Age and Its Discontents. Critical Reflections in Education, 1-29. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-4
Strömbäck, J. & Esser, F. (2014). Mediatization of Politics: Towards a Theoretical Framework. F. Esser, & J. Strömbäck (Eds.), Mediatization of Politics. Understanding the Transformation of Western Democracy (pp. 3-28). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137275844_1
Strömbäck, J. (2008). The four phases of Mediatization: An analysis of the mediatization of politics. International Journal of Press/Politics, 13(3), 228-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161208319097
Tӕkke, J., & Paulsen, M. (2022). A New Perspective on Education in the Digital Age. Teaching, Media and Bildung. London: Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350175426
Upsher R. Nobili A., Hughes G. & Byrom N. (2022). A systematic review of interventions embedded in curriculum to improve university student wellbeing. Educational Research Review, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2022.100464
Walker, M. (2019). Why epistemic justice matters in and for education. Asia Pacific Educ. Rev. 20, 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09601-4
Whitt, M. S. (2016). Other People’s Problems: Student Distancing, Epistemic Responsibility, and Injustice. Studies in Philosophy and Education. 35, 427–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09601-4
Yan, L., Sha, L., Zhao, L., Li, Y., Martinez-Maldonado, R., Chen, C, Li, X., Jin., Y. & Gašević, D. (2023). Practical and ethical challenges of large language models in education: A systematic scoping review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 55(1), 90-112.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tiina Räisä, Matteo Stocchetti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.