World literature and transformative learning

Reading and teaching season of migration to the north in Swedish upper secondary school

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24834/educare.2024.1.858

Keywords:

transformative learning, world literature, cultural horizons of meaning, upper secondary school

Abstract

This study investigates how Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North (2006) can be read and taught as an example of world literature in accordance with the transformative and culturally empowering ambitions of the Swedish upper secondary school curriculum. A total of 18 third-year students in the upper secondary science programme read the novel and recorded their reading experiences in journals. These journals have been thematically analysed, and the results show that the students’ processes of deconstructing and reconstructing the finalised reading, using literary concepts, help forward estrangement effects, which produce critical readings. As the students read for the plot and closed in on the end, their text-centred understandings of the novel were heightened, and by actively using subject-specific terminology (i.e. stylistic devices and modes of reading concepts), they strengthened the sense-making of their relations to the world as mediated through the text. Frames of reference about historical and current Sudan support the students in allowing the novel to become a merging point, at which their cultural horizons are nuanced through the juxtaposing of different perspectives. The students’ meta-reflexive readings allow for experiencing culture on the move as part of their transformative learning.

References

Agrell, B. (2009). Mellan raderna? Till frågan om textens appellstruktur. In S. Thorsson & C. Ekholm (Eds.), Främlingskap och främmandegöring: Förhållningssätt till skönlitteratur i universitetsundervisningen (pp. 19–148). Daidalos.

Alkestrand, M. (2016). Magiska möjligheter: Harry Potter, Artemis Fowl och Cirkeln i skolans värdegrundsarbete. Makadam förlag.

Bagga-Gupta, S., & Carneiro, A. (2021). Commentary: Nodal frontlines and multisidedness. Contemporary multilingual scholarship and beyond. International Journal of Multilingualism, 18(2), pp. 320–335. DOI: 10.1080/14790718.2021.1876700

Bakhtin, M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays. University of Texas Press.

Bergman, L. (2014). Textval i en global värld. In A. Boglind, P. Holmberg & A. Nordenstam (Eds.), Mötesplatser: Texter för svenskämnet (pp. 245–264). Studentlitteratur.

Bergold, J., & Thomas, S. (2012). Participatory research methods: A methodological approach in motion. Forum: Qualitative Social Research Sozialforschung, 13(1), Article 30. DOI: 10.17169/fqs-13.1.1801

Bourdieu, P., & Eagleton, T. (1994). Doxa and common life: An interview. In S. Žižek (Ed.), Mapping ideology (pp. 265–27) Verso.

Bourdieu, P. (1996). Understanding. Theory, Culture & Society, 13(2). pp. 17–37. DOI: 10.1177/026327696013002002

Bradling, B., & Lindberg, Y. (2018). Critical perspectives as advanced reading strategies: An intersectional approach to John Ajvide Lindqvist’s Let the Right One In and Handling the Undead. In M. Fabrizi (Ed.), Horror literature and dark fantasy challenging genres (pp. 81–98). Brill/Sense Publishing.

Bradling, B., & Lindberg, Y. (2020). Kulturellt möjliggörande litteraturläsning: Skolbibliotekariers och lärares samverkan i förmedlingen av världslitteratur på gymnasiet [Conference-Presentation]. SMDI 14, Didaktiska perspektiv på språk och litteratur i en globaliserad värld, Malmö, Sweden. OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-51066

Bradling, B. (2020). Låt romanen komma in – Transformativt lärande i gymnasieskolans litteraturundervisning. [Licenciate dissertation, Jönköping University].Jönköping University.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), pp. 77–101. DOI: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Hayfield, N. (2019). ‘A starting point for your journey, not a map’: Nikki Hayfield in conversation with Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke about thematic analysis. Qualitative Research In Psychology. 19(1), pp. 1–22. DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2019.1670765

Brooks, P. (1984). Reading for the Plot. Design and Intention in Narrative. Clarendon.

Bylund, C., Liliequist, E., & Silow Kallenberg, K. (2021). Autoetnografisk etnologi – en inledning. Kulturella Perspektiv, 30, pp. 1–6. https://publicera.kb.se/kp/article/view/1327

Clark, J. (2008). Philosophy, understanding and the consultation: a fusion of horizons. British Journal of General Practice, 58(546), pp. 58–60.

Damrosch, D. (2003). What is World Literature? Princeton University Press.

Davidson, J. E. (1989). In search of a middle point: The origins of oppression in Tayeb Salih’s “Season of Migration to the North”. Research in African Literatures, 20(3), pp. 385–400. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3819172

Enghel, F. (2023). To do no harm: from scientific ambition and extractivist designs to taking research participants into account [Conference-Presentation]. 73rd Annual ICA Conference, Virtual Preconference “Media and Communication in Global Latinidades”. OAI: oai:DiVA.org:hj-60491

Felski, R. (2008). Uses of literature. Blackwell Publishing.

Gadamer, H-G. (1997). Sanning och metod (i urval). Daidalos.

Gay, G. (2018). Culturally Responsive Teaching: Theory, research, and practice. Teachers College Press.

Geesey, P. (1997). Cultural hybridity and contamination in Tayeb Salih's "Mawsim al-hijra ila al-Shamal (Season of Migration to the North)". Research in African Literatures, 28(3), pp. 128–140. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3820998

Gustafsson Nadel, T. (2018). Att se den andre: texten eller världen? Interaktion mellan gymnasieelever och en kenyansk novell. Stockholms universitet.

Habermas, J. (1994). Samhällsvetenskapernas logik. Daidalos.

Hallonsten, S., & Bergstrand, M. (2004). VÄRLDSLITTERATUREN I SKOLAN - ett uppdrag från Statens Kulturråd till Barnängens världsbibliotek (Dnr 804/02-224). Barnängens världsbibliotek.

Helgesson, S., Mörte Alling, A., Lindqvist, Y., & Wulff, H. (Eds.), (2018). World literatures. Exploring the cosmopolitan-vernacular exchange. Stockholm University Press.

Helgesson, S., & Rosendahl Thomsen, M. (2020). Literature and the world. Routledge.

Hirsch, E.D. (1967). Validity in interpretation. Yale University Press.

Holmberg, C-G., & Ohlsson, A. (1999). Epikanalys: En introduktion. Studentlitteratur.

Holt, E. (2019). Al-Ṭayyib Ṣāliḥ's Season of Migration to the North, the CIA, and the Cultural Cold War after Bandung. Research in African Literatures, 50(3), pp. 70–90. DOI: 10.2979/reseafrilite.50.3.07

Jauss, H. R. (1970). Litteraturgeschichte als provokation. Suhrkamp.

Johansson, M. (2019). Att förstå begrepp eller förstå med begrepp. En studie av litterär begreppsanvändning, tolkning och analys. Forskning om undervisning och lärande, 7(2). pp. 50–66. https://forskul.se/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ForskUL_vol_7_nr_2_s_50-66.pdf

Kjørup, S. (2009). Människovetenskaperna. Problem och traditioner i humanioras vetenskapsteori. Studentlitteratur.

Klee, P., & Siddiq, M. (1978). “The process of individuation in Al-Tayyeb Salih's Novel Season of Migration To the North”. Journal of Arabic Literature, 9(1), pp. 67–104. DOI: 10.1163/157006478X00084

Kulturrådet. (n.d.). Alla tiders klassiker. https://www.kulturradet.se/i-fokus/lasframjande/alla-tiders-klassiker/

Lagerroth, E. (1976). Romanen i din hand. Att läsa, studera och förstå berättarkonst. Rabén & Sjögren.

Landguiden (n.d.). Sudan. https://www.ui.se/landguiden/lander-och-omraden/afrika/sudan/

Leppänen, K. (2020). Världslitteratur – ett undflyende fenomen. In U. Nemeth & A. Nordenstam (Eds.), Globalt (pp. 63-74). Svensklärarföreningen.

Locane, J.J. (2018). Por una sociología de las ausencias en la literatura mundial. In G. Müller, J.J. Locane & B. Loy (Eds.), Re.Mapping World Literature (pp. 189-198). De Gruyter.

Makdisi, S.S. (1992). The Empire renarrated: "Season of Migration to the North" and the reinvention of the present. Critical Inquiry, 18(4), pp. 804–820. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1343831

Mansour, N. (2020). Multikulturel litteratur i danskfaget: Kulturer, læsemåder og litterær inklusion. Aarhus Universitet.

Mehrstam, C. (2010). Fallet med den muterade science fictiondeckaren Om populärkulturens litteraritet och didaktiska potential. Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap, 40(1), pp. 34–49. https://ojs.ub.gu.se/index.php/tfl/article/view/485/459

Menezes de Souza, L.M.T., & Monte Mor, W. (2021). Afterwords hope and education in dystopic times: Thinking about the present as if from the future. Revista Brasileira de Linguistica Aplicada, 21(2), pp. 657–670. DOI: 10.1590/1984-6398202118373

Mezirow, J. (2009). An overview on transformative learning. In K. Illeris (Ed.), Contemporary theories of learning learning theorists … in their own words (pp. 90-105). Routledge.

Mezirow J. (2000). Learning to think like an adult: Core concepts of transformation theory. In J. Mezirow & Associates (Eds.), Learning as transformation – critical perspective on a theory in progress. Jossey-Bass.

Mezirow, J. (2003). Transformative learning as discourse. Journal of Transformative Education, 1(1), pp. 58–63. DOI: 10.1177/1541344603252172

Nemeth, U., & Nordenstam, A. (Eds.). (2020). Globalt. Svensklärarföreningen.

Nordberg, O. (2017). Avkoppling och analys: Empiriska perspektiv på läsarattityder och litterär kompetens hos svenska 18-åringar. Uppsala universitet.

Nygård Larsson, P., Olsson Jers, C., & Persson, M. (Eds.). (2022). Didaktiska perspektiv på språk och litteratur i en globaliserad värld. Svenska med didaktisk inriktning.

Outhwaite, W. (1985). Hans-Georg Gadamer. In Q. Skinner (Ed.), The return of grand theory in the human sciences (pp. 21-39). Cambridge University Press.

Rutherford, M., & Levitt, P. (2020). Who’s on the syllabus? World Literature according to the US Pedagogical Canon. Journal of World Literature, 5(4), pp. 606–629. DOI: 10.1163/24056480-00504009

Pearson, K.L. (2021). Storytelling and paradox in Tayeb Salih’s Season of Migration to the North. San Francisco State University. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/downloads/ms35tg075

Persson, M., & Sundmark, B. (2022). Litteraturhistorieundervisningens möjligheter och utmaningar i en globaliserad värld. In P. Nygård Larsson, C. Olsson Jers & M. Persson (Eds.), Didaktiska perspektiv på språk och litteratur i en globaliserad värld (pp. 215-229). Svenska med didaktisk inriktning.

Pertierra, I.X.L. (2020). On Gadamerian Hermeneutics: Fusions of horizons, dialogue, and evolution(s) within culture as dynamic system of meaning. Eidos, 4(4), pp. 45–62. DOI: 10.14394/eidos.jpc.2020.0040

Petersson, M. (2022). Globalisering, bildning och didaktik. In P. Nygård Larsson, C. Olsson Jers & M. Persson (Eds.), Fjortonde nationella konferensen i svenska med didaktisk inriktning Didaktiska perspektiv på språk och litteratur i en globaliserad värld Malmö 18–19 november 2020 (pp. 9-25). Malmö universitet.

Salih, T. (2006). En näve dadlar [A handful of dates]. Karavan, 2006:4, pp. 24–28.

Salih, T. (2006). Utvandringens tid [Season of Migration to the North]. Leopard förlag.

Salö, L. (2018). Seeing the point from which you see what you see: An essay on epistemic reflexivity in language research. Multilingual Margins, 5(1), pp. 24–39.

Shakespeare, W. (1622). Othello. Thomas Walkley.

Skolverket (2011). Läroplan, examensmål och gymnasiegemensamma ämnen för gymnasieskola 2011. Skolverket.

Skolverket. (2012). Swedish. https://www.skolverket.se/download/18.4fc05a3f164131a7418107c/1535372300410/Swedish-in-swedish-school.pdf

Sverigedemokraterna, Moderata samlingspartiet, Kristdemokraterna & Liberalerna. (2022). Tidöavtalet: Överenskommelse för Sverige, 2022. https://mb.cision.com/Public/4669/3648119/994c611dffa285e6.pdf

Sweden Abroad (2022). Om utlandet Sudan. https://www.swedenabroad.se/sv/om-utlandet-f%C3%B6r-svenska-medborgare/sudan/

UNESCO. (2015-04-23). Världsbokdagen. Svenska Unescorådet. https://unesco.se/varldsbokdagen/

Varga, A., & Davydenko, S. (2023). Läsfrämjande undervisning i gymnasieskolan: ett utvecklingsprojekt i samverkan mellan Högskolan Väst och Kunskapsförbundet Väst vårterminen 2022. Högskolan Väst.

Världsbiblioteket. (n.d.). Världsbiblioteket. Solidaritetshuset. https://www.solidaritetshuset.se/varldsbiblioteket

Världslitteraturhuset. (n.d.). Välkommen till Världslitteraturhuset. Göteborgs Stad. https://goteborg.se/wps/portal/enhetssida/varldslitteraturhuset

Wearmouth, J. (2017). Employing Culturally Responsive Pedagogy to foster literacy learning in schools. Cogent Education, 4(1), pp. 1–16.

Wilhelmsson, L. (2005). Transformativt lärande – en teori som tar ställning. In A. Bron & L. Wilhelmson (Eds.,. Lärprocesser i högre utbildning (pp. 59–71). Liber.

Yarova, A. (2021). Narrating humanity: Children's literature and global citizenship education. Malmö University.

Zak, M. (2003). Alex Dogboy. Opal.

Öhman, A. (2015). Litteraturdidaktik, fiktioner och intriger. Gleerups.

Öhman, A., & Lindell, I. (2019). Inledning. In I. Lindell & A. Öhman (Eds.), För berättelsens skull Modeller för litteraturundervisningen (pp. 7–15). Natur & kultur.

Downloads

Published

2024-02-01

How to Cite

Bradling, B. (2024). World literature and transformative learning: Reading and teaching season of migration to the north in Swedish upper secondary school. Educare, (1), 78–111. https://doi.org/10.24834/educare.2024.1.858