Through the Lens of Situated Learning and Levels of Scale: Theorizing Development of Remote Teaching and the Role of On-Site Facilitators

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33621/jdsr.v4i2.104

Keywords:

digitalization, distance, education, on-site facilitator, online, remote, school, situated cognition

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to contribute to theoretical development within a field otherwise mostly characterized by empirical contributions, with a primary focus on the practice and perspectives of on-site facilitators. To theoretically understand the development and use of remote teaching, we focus on the interaction between systems of human activity in education and the relationships enacted in practice through their interaction, with a focus on on-site facilitators’ work. In doing so, we use the concept levels of scale in situated learning. Through levels of scale, we conceptualize the historical development of remote teaching as the large scale and the remote learning environment as the small scale. Integrating the levels of scale and tracing the historical development of remote teaching in Sweden into the enactments taking place in a classroom of modern language teaching is the concrete theoretical development that our aim entails.

References

Barab, S. A., & Duffy, T. M. (2000). From Practice Fields to Communities of Practice. In D. H. Jonassen & S. M. Land (Eds.), Theoretical foundations of learning environments (pp. 25–56). Lawrence Earlbaum.

Barab, S. A., & Duffy, T. M. (2012). From Practice Fields to Communities of Practice. In D. H. Jonassen & S. M. Land (Eds.), Theoretical foundations of learning environments (2 ed.) (pp. 29–65). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203813799

Barbour, M. K. (2018). A history of K-12 distance, online, and blended learning worldwide. In R. Ferdig & K. Kennedy (Eds.), Handbook of research on K-12 online and blended learning (2nd ed.) (pp. 21–40). Entertainment Technology Center Press, Carnegie Mellon University.

Barbour, M. K. (2019). The landscape of K-12 online learning: Examining the state of the field. In M. G. Moore & W. C. Diehl (Eds.), Handbook of distance education (4th ed.) (pp. 521–542). Routledge.

Barbour, M. K., & Hill, J. (2011). What are they doing and how are they doing it? Rural pupil experiences in virtual schooling. International Journal of E-Learning and Distance Education, 25(1).

http://www.ijede.ca/index.php/jde/article/view/725/1248

Billmayer, J., From, J., Lindberg, J. O., Pettersson, F. (2020). Editorial: Remote teaching to ensure equal access to education in rural schools. Education in the North, 27(2), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.26203/h6z0-a321

Borup, J. (2018). On-site and online facilitators: Current practice and future directions for research. In R. Ferdig & K. Kennedy (Eds.), Handbook of K-12 online and blended learning research (pp. 423–442). ETC Press.

Borup, J., Graham, C. R., & Drysdale, J. (2014). The nature of online teacher engagement an online high school. British Journal of Educational Technology, 45(5), 793–806. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12089

Borup, J., West, R. E., Graham, C. R., & Davies, R. S. (2014). The adolescent community of engagement framework: A lens for research on K-12 online learning. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 22(1), 107–129. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/112371/

Borup, J., & Stevens, M. (2016). Parents’ perceptions of teacher support at a cyber charter high school. Journal of Online Learning Research, 2(1), 3–22. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/173212/

Bradbury-Jones, C., J. Taylor, & O. R. Herber. (2014). Vignette Development and Administration: a Framework for Protecting Research Participants. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 17(4), 427–440.

Bryman, A. (2015). Social research methods. Oxford University Press.

Cavanaugh, C., Barbour, M. K., & Clark, T. (2009). Research and practice in K-12 online learning: A review of literature. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10(1), 1–22 https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v10i1.607

Clark, T. (2003). Virtual and distance education in American schools. In M. G. M. W. G. Anderson (Ed.), Handbook of distance education (pp. 673–699). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Clark, T. (2007). Virtual and distance education in North American schools. In M. G. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of distance education (2nd ed.) (pp. 473–490). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

Clark, T. (2013). Virtual and distance education in North American schools. In M. G. Moore (Ed.), Handbook of distance education (3rd ed.) (pp. 555–573). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

Davis, N., Mackey, J., & Dabner, N. (2018). Understanding changes in school culture. In R. Ferdig & K. Kennedy (Eds.), Handbook of research on K-12 online and blended learning (2nd ed.) (pp. 133–148). Entertainment Technology Center Press, Carnegie Mellon University.

De la Varre, C., Keane, J., & Irvin, M. J. (2011). Dual perspectives on the contribution of on-site facilitators to teaching presence in a blended learning environment. International Journal of E-Learning and Distance Education, 25 (3). https://www.learntechlib.org/p/110446

Fischer, L., & Lundberg, K. G. (2000). Utbildningsvillkor i glesbygd [Educational conditions in rural areas]. Liber distribution. https://www.skolverket.se/download/18.6bfaca41169863e6a65383b/1553956728382/pdf593

Fraser, B. J., McRobbie, C. J., & Fisher, D. (1996). Development, validation and use of personal and class forms of a new classroom environment questionnaire. In Proceedings Western Australian Institute for Educational Research Forum.

Freidhoff, J., Borup, J., Stimson, R., & DeBruler, K. (2015). Documenting and sharing the work of successful on-site mentors. Journal of Online Learning Research, 1(1), 107–28. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/149918/

From, J., Pettersson, F., & Pettersson, G. (2020). Fjärrundervisning—en central del i skolans digitalisering [Remote teaching—a central part of digitalization in schools]. Pedagogisk forskning i Sverige, 25(2–3), 69–91. DOI: 10.15626/pfs25.0203.04

Green, J. L., & Dixon, C. N. (2008). Classroom interaction and situated learning. In: Hornberger N.H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Springer.

Hannum, W. H., Irvin, M. J., Lei, P., & Farmer, T. W. (2008). Effectiveness of using learner-centered principles on pupil retention in distance education courses in rural schools. Distance Education, 29(3), 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910802395763

Harms, C. M., Niederhauser, D. S., Davis, N. E., Roblyer, M. D., & Gilbert, S. B. (2006). Educating educators for virtual schooling: Communicating roles and responsibilities. The Electronic Journal of Communication, 16(1–2). http://www.cios.org/EJCPUBLIC/016/1/01611.HTML

Hendrix, N., & Degner, K. (2016). Supporting online AP pupils: The rural facilitator and considerations for training. American Journal of Distance Education, 30(3), 133–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2016.1198194

Hodkinson, H, & Hodkinson, P. (2004). Rethinking the concept of community of practice in relation to schoolteachers’ workplace learning. International Journal of Training and Development, 8(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-3736.2004.00193.x

Jacobson, M. J., & Kapur, M. (2012). Learning Environments as Emergent Phenomena: Theoretical and Methodological Implications of Complexity. In D. H. Jonassen & S. M. Land (Eds.), Theoretical foundations of learning environments (2 ed.) (pp. 303–334). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203813799

Jonassen, D. H. (2000). Revisiting Activit Theory as a Framework for Designing Student-Centered Learning Environments. In D. H. Jonassen & S. M. Land (Eds.), Theoretical foundations of learning environments (pp. 89–122). Lawrence Earlbaum.

Jonassen, D. H., & Land, S. M. (2000). Theoretical foundations of learning environments. Lawrence Earlbaum.

Jonassen, D. H., & Land, S. M. (2012). Theoretical foundations of learning environments (2nd ed). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203813799

Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Den kvalitativa forskningsintervjun [The qualitative research interview]. Pupillitteratur.

Lokey-Vega, A., Jorrín-Abellán, I. M., & Pourreau, L. (2018). Theoretical perspectives in K-12 online learning. In R. Ferdig & K. Kennedy (Eds.), Handbook of research on K-12 online and blended learning (2nd ed.) (pp. 65–90). Entertainment Technology Center Press, Carnegie Mellon University.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, M. A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). Sage.

Paddam, A., Barnes, D., & Langdon, D. (2010). Constructing Vignettes to Investigate Anger in Multiple Sclerosis. Nurse Researcher 17(2), 60–73. DOI: 10.7748/nr2010.01.17.2.60.c7463

Pettersson, G. (2017). Inre kraft och yttre tryck. Perspektiv på specialpedagogisk verksamhet i glesbygdsskolor [Inner power and outer pressure. Perspectives on special education in rural schools][Doctoral thesis], Umeå: Umeå University.

Pettersson, F., & Hjelm, P. (2020). Feature: Remote teaching in mother tongue tuition. Education in the North, 27(2), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.26203/r9kj-tf14

Pettersson, F., & Olofsson, A. D. (2019). Learning to teach in a remote educational context – exploring the organization of teachers’ professional development of digital competence. In A. Littlejohn, J. Jaldemark, E. Vrieling-Teunter, F. Nijland (Eds.) Networked Professional Learning: Emerging and equitable discourses for professional development. Springer.

Pulham, E., & Graham, R. C. (2018). Comparing K-12 online and blended teaching competencies: A literature review. Distance Education, 39(3), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1476840

Simons, H. (1996). The paradox of case study. Cambridge Journal of Education, 26(2), 225–240.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764960260206

Siljebo, J. (2020). Digitalization and digital transformation in schools: A challenge to educational theory? Education in the North, 27(2), 24–37. DOI: 10.26203/b0m3-dk35

Skilling, K., & Stylianides, G. J. (2020). Using vignettes in educational research: a framework for vignette construction, International Journal of Research & Method in Education, 43(5), 541-556. DOI: 10.1080/1743727X.2019.1704243

Stake, R. E. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage.

Thelin, A. A., & Solstad, K. J. (2005). Utbildning i glesbygd – Samspel eller konflikt? En kunskapsöversikt. Stockholm: Myndigheten för skolutveckling. https://helasverige.se/fileadmin/user_upload/HSSL_Kansli/foer_dig_som/raedda_skolan/pdf1826.pdf

Veal, W. R. (2002). Content Specific Vignettes as Tools for Research and Teaching. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 6(4), 1–37.

Wiklund-Engblom, A. (2018). Digital relational competence: Sensitivity and responsivity to needs of distance and co-located students. International Journal of Media, Technology and Lifelong Learning, 14(2), 188–200. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-153808

Wilson, B. G., & Myers, K. M. (2000). Situated cognition in theoretical and practical context. In D. H. Jonassen & S. M. Land (Eds.), Theoretical foundations of learning environments (pp. 57–88). Lawrence Earlbaum.

Witten, K., McCreanora, T., Kearns, R., & Rumasubramanian, L. (2001). The impacts of a school closure on neighbourhood social cohesion: Narratives from Invercargill, New Zealand. Health & Place, 7(4), 307–317.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8292(01)00023-5

Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research (4th ed.). Sage.

Downloads

Published

2022-05-30

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.