Inkluderande undervisning
ett lärarlags konceptualiseringar av delaktighet för inkludering i årskurs 4
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63843/pfs.v31i1.55959Nyckelord:
delaktighet, delaktighetsmodell, grundskola, inkludering, konceptuell ingenjörskonstAbstract
Inkludering har länge varit ett mål både internationellt och i svensk skola, men trots detta finns det behov av att öka lärares inkluderingskompetens, som att möta alla elevers behov och stärka deras delaktighet. I denna fallstudie presenteras hur ett arbetslag, bestående av tre lärare i grundskolans år 4, konceptualiserar delaktighet och inkludering i syfte att öka elevernas delaktighet. Datainsamlingen består av fokusgruppsdiskussion, enkäter och ett arbetsdokument som lärarna valde att utforma tillsammans under interventionen. Utifrån en delaktighetsmodell, utvecklad för att stödja pedagoger att skapa en inkluderande undervisning, utvecklade lärarna ett gemensamt professionellt språk att tala om, och öka, elevernas delaktighet på. Modellen består av de sex kriterierna; autonomi, engagemang, erkännande, interaktion, tillgänglighet och tillhörighet, vilka sammantaget kan ses som en definition av delaktighet. I studien presenteras lärarnas arbete som konceptuell ingenjörskonst, där de tar sin utgångspunkt i den utvecklade delaktighetsmodellens kriterier, vilka blir de koncept de (1) designar/definierar (2) implementerar och (3) utvärderar för att öka elevers delaktighet och utveckla den inkluderande undervisningen. Lärarnas konceptualiseringar visar att delaktighetskriterierna både är beroende av varandra, men att de också kan motverka eller begränsa varandra. Att interaktionen är central och elevernas tillhörighet i olika grupperingar framstår som viktig för tillgång till flera av delaktighetskriterierna. Att erbjuda elever autonomi kräver ett långsiktigt genomtänkt arbete av lärarna. Engagemang är en nyckelfaktor, som också kräver lärares engagemang.
Nyckelord: delaktighet, delaktighetsmodell, grundskola, inkludering, konceptuell ingenjörskonst
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