Dysphagia in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
The role of the ALS team to facilitate patient participation in dysphagia interventions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58986/al.2025.23611Nyckelord:
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, dysphagia management, interprofessional team, checklistAbstract
Around 80 % of ALS patients suffer from dysphagia, which increases the risk of malnutrition and pneumonia, and correlates with death. To diminish that risk, it is important to involve patients in their dysphagia care to be able to introduce interventions in time. However, Swedish ALS teams lack national guidelines for how to involve patients. As a basis for a future checklist, a 27-item survey was distributed to professionals in ALS teams in Sweden. Less than half of the respondents (46 %) reported a routine of regular dysphagia screening. Dysphagia screening, early information, and training of swallowing functions occurred more frequently in bulbar onset than in spinal. While nurses are one profession reported to be responsible for delivering dysphagia information, the survey revealed that nurses felt uncertain about dysphagia management. The results provide information for an initial team checklist with defined interventions for the management of dysphagia in ALS.
Svenska
Cirka 80% av patienter med amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS) lider av dysfagi, vilket ökar risken för undernäring och lunginflammation samt associeras med för tidig död. Denna risk kan minskas om patienten involveras i sin dysfagivård och åtgärder introduceras i tid. För att undersöka hur ALS-team hanterar dysfagi skapades en enkät med 27 frågor som riktade sig till ALS-team i Sverige. Mindre än hälften av respondenterna (46%) rapporterade att de hade en rutin för regelbunden screening av dysfagi. Screening av dysfagi, tidig information och träning av sväljfunktioner förekom oftare vid bulbär ALS än vid spinal ALS. I denna studie rapporterades sjuksköterskor vara en av de yrkesgrupper som hade ansvar för att ge information om dysfagi. Samtidigt framkom det att de kände sig osäkra på hanteringen av dysfagi. Resultaten i studien ligger till grund för ett utkast av en checklista med definierade åtgärder som kan stödja teamets hantering av dysfagi vid ALS.
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Referenser
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