Nästan jobb? Betydelser av kön, plats och tid i den liminala tillvaron som influencer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v44i1-2.13939Nyckelord:
arbete, arbetspotential, liminalitet, influencer, digital kulturAbstract
The feminine-coded work as an influencer has emerged as young women have transformed their personal life stories and self- representations on social media into digital businesses. Despite similarities with other forms of media production, the concept of work is vague, both in the public’s perception of what influencers do and for influencers themselves. It is challenging to differentiate between what is work and what is not, partly because influencers turn activities traditionally viewed as non-work, such as domestic chores, relationship building, and beauty care, into income-generating activities. As a result, the notion of work hours and workplace becomes unclear for influencers. Any location can become a workplace, and any time can become working hours. This article explores how influencers navigate the ambiguity of the concepts of work, work hours, and workplaces. Some view the fluidity of their work as an advantage, while others attempt to assert boundaries by orienting themselves towards traditionally male-coded workplaces, such as the office. Some seek support from institutionalized boundaries, such as children’s school hours, to delineate work, while others feel shame about doing “non-work” activities when their children are in daycare. Regardless of their orientation, influencers must reconcile themselves to the fact that their work cannot be limited to specific times and places. What they sell is the experience of intimacy and authenticity that is created by blurring the boundaries between public and private life.
Nedladdningar
Referenser
Abidin, Crystal (2016) ”Aren’t these just young, rich women doing vain things online?” Influencer selfies as subversive frivolity. Social Media + Society 8(2): 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116641342
Acker, Joan (1990) Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society 4(2): 139–158. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/089124390004002002
Ahmed, Sara (2006) Queer phenomenology. Orientations, objects, others. Durham/London: Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822388074
Allvin, Michael, Aronsson, Gunnar, Hagström, Tom, Johansson, Gunn och Lundberg, Ulf (2006) Gränslöst arbete. Socialpsykologiska perspektiv på det nya arbetslivet. Malmö: Liber.
Alexandersson, Anna och Kalonaityte, Viktorija (2021) Girlbosses, punk poodles, and pink smoothies: Girlhood as enterprising femininity. Gender, work and organization(28): 416-438. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12582
Bachtin, Michail (2007) Rabelais och skrattets historia. François Rabelais’ verk och den folkliga kulturen under medeltiden och renässansen. Gråbo: Anthropos.
Bauman, Zygmund (2006) Liquid fear. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Berlant, Lauren (2011) Cruel optimism. Durham: Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822394716
Clark, Sue Campbell (2000) Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human relations 53(6): 747-770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
Crary, Jonathan (2013) 24/7. London: Verso
Domenico, Maria Laura, Daniel, Elizabeth och Nuan, Daniel (2014) ‘Mental mobility’ in the digital age: entrepreneurs and the online home-based business. New Technology, work and employment 29(3): 266-281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12034
Duffy, Brooke Erin (2016) The romance of work: Gender and aspirational labour in the digital culture industries. International Journal of Cultural Studies 19(4): 441-457 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367877915572186
Duffy, Brooke Erin och Hund, Emily (2015) ”Having it All” on social media: Entrepreneurial femininity and self-branding among fashion bloggers. Social Media + Society 1(2): 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115604337
Fleming, Peter (2015) The mythology of work. How capitalism persists despite itself. London: Pluto press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt183p83x
Fonner, Kathryn L. och Stache, Lara C. (2012) All in a day’s work, at home: teleworkers’ management of micro role transitions and the work–home boundary. Technology, work and employment 27(3): 242-257. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2012.00290.x
Gold, Michael och Mustafa, Mona (2013) ”Work always wins”: client colonisation, time management and the anxieties of connected freelancers. New Technology, work and employment 28(3): 197-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12017
Grip, Lena och Jansson, Ulrika (2021) ”The right man in the right place”: The consequences of gender-coding of place and occupation in collaboration processes. European Journal of Women’s Studies 29(2): 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13505068211042725
Hong, Renyi (2015) Finding passion in work: Media, passion and career guides. European Journal of Cultural Studies 18(2): 190-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549414563295
Hope, Sophie och Richards, Jenny (2015) Loving work: Drawing attention to pleasure and pain in the body of the cultural worker. European Journal of Cultural Studies 18(2): 117-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549414563299
Kearny, Mary Celeste (2006) Girls make media. New York/ Milton Park: Routledge.
Marwick, Alice E. (2015) Instafame: Luxury selfies in the attention economy. Public Culture 27(1): 137–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-2798379
Nilsson, Gabriella (2021) Detesting influencers: Print media perspectives on the phantasmagoria of influencer life worlds. Ethnologia Scandinavica 51: 42–61.
Nilsson, Gabriella (2022) Autobiographical convergences: A cultural analysis of books by digital media influencers. Biography 45(1): 67–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/bio.2022.0018
Nilsson, Gabriella (2023) ”Jag kan leva på detta!”: Utmaningar och möjligheter med arbetet som influencer. Sandmark, Hélène (red) Ett hälsofrämjande arbetsliv?: Utmaningar och möjligheter. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
Nilsson, Gabriella (2024) Set in Motion: Paradoxical narratives of becoming Swedish digital media influencers. Gender Work and Organization 31(2): 337–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13068
Nippert-Eng, Christena (1996) Calendars and keys: The classification of ”home” and ”work”. Sociological Forum 11(3): 563–582. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02408393
Petersson McIntyre, Magdalena (2021) Commodifying feminism: Economic choice and agency in the context of lifestyle influencers and gender consultant. Gender, work and organization (28): 1059-1078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12627
Raun, Tobias (2018) Capitalizing intimacy: New subcultural forms of micro-celebrity strategies and affective labour on YouTube. CONVERGENCE 24(1): 99-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856517736983
Sayah, Shiva (2013) Managing work–life boundaries with information and communication technologies: the case of independent contractors. New Technology, work and employment 28(3): 179-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ntwe.12016
Soja, Edward W. (1996) Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other real-and-imagined places. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.
Taylor, Stephanie (2015) A new mystique? Working for yourself in the neoliberal economy. The Sociological Review 63: 174-187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.12248
Taylor, Stephanie och Luckman, Susan (2018) The new normal of working lives. Critical Studies in Contemporary Work and Employment. London: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66038-7
Turner, Victor (1970) Betwixt and between. Turner, Victor. The forest of symbols. Aspects of Ndembu ritual. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15388-6_8
Turner, Victor (1974) Liminal to liminoid, in play, flow, and ritual: An essay in comparative symbology. Rice Institute Pamphlet. Rice University Studies 60(3).
Woodcock, Jamie och Graham, Mark (2020) The gig economy: A critical introduction.Cambridge: Polity. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2020.1831908
Yallop, Olivia (2021) Break the Internet. London: Scribe publications.
Publicerad
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Copyright (c) 2024 Gabriella Nilsson, Anna Ode

Det här verket är licensierat under en Creative Commons Erkännande 4.0 Internationell-licens.
Författaren/författarna behåller copyright till verket.